The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics honors John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for pioneering work related to quantum tunneling. Energy quantization in superconducting circuits is one of the foundation for quantum computing based on superconducting qubits. As someone who worked on theoretical aspects of macroscopic quantum coherence and quantum computing during my PhD and postdoc, I am amazed at how quickly the field has evolved.
2024 Nobel prizes
Two of the 2024 Nobel prizes relate to machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), namely those for physics and chemistry. It is astounding how ML/AI techniques are transforming various fields of technology, reshaping the ways we interact with and manage complex systems. One of the most significant impacts can be observed in control operations of technical systems, where AI algorithms enable real-time decision-making and optimization. These technologies allow for more precise control of processes in industries such as energy, manufacturing, quality control, and transportation. ML models can identify patterns and use them for identifying the most suitable control actions. In the realm of medical technology, AI is also proving to be a game-changer. From diagnostics to personalized medicine, ML harnesses data to improve patient outcomes and streamline healthcare delivery.
The EPO has long recognized that a technical contribution can be made by AI/ML inventions, as reflected in the Guidelines. This should encourage innovators to seek patent protection for their AI/ML-based inventions. As we move forward, the integration of ML and AI across various domains will continue to drive innovation.